SELECT
表名=CASE WHEN a.colorder = 1 THEN d.name ELSE '' END,
表说明=CASE WHEN a.colorder = 1 THEN isnull(f.value, '') ELSE '' END ,
字段序号=a.colorder ,
字段名=a.name ,
标识=CASE WHEN COLUMNPROPERTY(a.id, a.name, 'IsIdentity') = 1 THEN '√' ELSE '' END ,
主键=CASE WHEN EXISTS (
  SELECT 1
  FROM dbo.sysindexes si
  INNER JOIN dbo.sysindexkeys sik ON si.id = sik.id AND si.indid = sik.indid
  INNER JOIN dbo.syscolumns sc ON sc.id = sik.id AND sc.colid = sik.colid
  INNER JOIN dbo.sysobjects so ON so.name = so.name AND so.xtype = 'PK'
  WHERE sc.id = a.id AND sc.colid = a.colid) THEN '√'
  ELSE ''
END ,
外键=CASE WHEN tony.fkey is not null and tony.fkey=a.colid THEN '√' ELSE '' END ,
外键表=CASE WHEN tony.fkey is not null and tony.fkey=a.colid
THEN object_name(tony.fkeyid) ELSE ''
   END ,
外键字段=CASE WHEN tony.fkey is not null and tony.fkey=a.colid
THEN (SELECT name FROM syscolumns
   WHERE colid=tony.fkey AND id=tony.fkeyid)   
ELSE ''
END,
类型=b.name ,
长度=a.length ,
精度=COLUMNPROPERTY(a.id, a.name, 'PRECISION') ,
小数位数=ISNULL(COLUMNPROPERTY(a.id, a.name, 'Scale'), 0) ,
允许空=CASE WHEN a.isnullable = 1 THEN '√' ELSE '' END ,
默认值= ISNULL(e.text, ''),
字段说明=ISNULL(g.[value], ''),
创建时间=d.crdate,
更改时间=CASE WHEN a.colorder = 1 THEN d.refdate ELSE NULL END
FROM dbo.syscolumns a
LEFT JOIN dbo.systypes b ON a.xtype = b.xusertype
INNER JOIN dbo.sysobjects d ON a.id = d.id AND d.xtype = 'U' AND d.status >= 0
LEFT JOIN dbo.syscomments e ON a.cdefault = e.id
LEFT JOIN sys.extended_properties g ON a.id = g.major_id AND a.colid = g.minor_id
LEFT JOIN sys.extended_properties f ON d.id = f.major_id AND f.minor_id = 0  
LEFT JOIN sysobjects htl ON htl.parent_obj=d.id AND htl.xtype='F'
LEFT JOIN sysforeignkeys tony on htl.id=tony.constid
WHERE d.name='tb'  --这里输入包含表名称的条件
ORDER BY d.id, a.colorder

来源：https://www.jb51.net/article/38863.htm
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